IMPORTANCE OF DAMS

Water is essential for sustenance of all forms of life on earth. It is not evenly distributed all over the world

and even its availability at the same locations is not uniform over the year. While the parts of the world,
which are scarce in water, are prone to drought, other parts of the world, which are abundant in water,
face a challenging job of optimally managing the available water resources. No doubt the rivers are a
great gift of nature and have been playing a significant role in evolution of various civilizations,
nonetheless on many occasions, rivers, at the time of floods, have been playing havoc with the life and
property of the people. Management of river waters has been, therefore, one of the most prime issues
under consideration. Optimal management of river water resources demands that specific plans should
be evolved for various river basins which are found to be technically feasible and economically viable
after carrying out extensive surveys. Since the advent of civilization, man has been constructing dams
and reservoirs for storing surplus river waters available during wet periods and for utilization of the same
during lean periods. The dams and reservoirs world over have been playing dual role of harnessing the
river waters for accelerating socio-economic growth and mitigating the miseries of a large population of
the world suffering from the vagaries of floods and droughts. Dams and reservoirs contribute significantly
in fulfilling the following basic human needs: -
Water for drinking and industrial use:
Due to large variations in hydrological cycle, dams and reservoirs are required to be constructed to
store water during periods of surplus water availability and conserve the same for utilization during lean
periods when the water availability is scarce.
Flood Control:
Floods in the rivers have been many a time playing havoc with the life and property of the people.
Dams and reservoirs can be effectively used to control floods by regulating river water flows downstream
the dam.
Hydro power generation:
Energy plays a key role for social-economic development of a country. Hydro power provides a
cheap, clean and renewable source of energy.
While dams provide a yeoman service to the mankind, the following impacts of the construction of dams
are required to be handled carefully:
· Resettlement and Rehabilitation
· Environment and forests
· Sedimentary issues
· Socio economic issues
· Safety aspects
The above problems related to the construction of dams may be resolved successfully in case the
approach of management is objective, dynamic, progressive and responsive to the needs of the hour.

Role of Internet in EducationInternet is composed of two words, inter and net. In internet, a network of online computers is connected with each other. In this way , every information is shared mutually. Now a days, the internet is most speedy, low priced and less time consuming source of sharing knowledge. Every person can build his electronic mail address and website. Through e-mail, one can send and receive letters, documents and other informations within no time. A website is a home of information's on the online network.
Millions of websites are there. We can go to our relevant website and get informations on our required topics. Most of the websites facilitate for downloading and saving the required material.

Modern research is made very easy with the help of internet. Science, technology, religion, literature and other fields of life has been expanded vastly and fastly with the help of internet. Data collection is now possible with thousand times less effort for research.

With the invention of micro media like you tube, millions of animated videos about different topics are present online. We can download the videos of our interest and need. We can also upload our research online and share our contribution worldwide.

Internet provides us the facility to gain knowledge in each language. Thousands of websites are present in Urdu language and we can easily learn a number of educational disciplines in our national language. Urdu news literature, poetry, Islam and other fields are there in our easy approach.

We can use online dictionaries for better understanding the meaning of words. A number of Urdu English dictionaries are present online for our help. Translators of many languages have been developed by which we can translate easily something easily from different languages. MS Office 2003 and 2007 are also now available in Urdu interface with downloading facility which makes possible for us to learn and work conveniently. Urdu poetry has vast variety on you tube which has made our national language more popular in the world. People all over the world are using these websites in the millions daily. Fast internet connection made most of the educational and literary things easy to download.

Our Govt should pay special attention to build up such software to translate the knowledge from different languages to Urdu. Because Urdu is our national language and every person can learn easily in his own language naturally. It is very easy to do this as compared to the past. Our Govt should develop a counseling platform online which helps the students for their better carrier.

PROBLEM OF ILLITERACY
"Read in the name of they Lord who created you."
(Al Quran)
The first revelation on the prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) aptly reveals the importance of education. Education and civilization are broader in their sense and practice. They are co-relative. The nations which have high rate of literacy progress rapidly and are now leaders in the world.

"Education is a better safeguard of liberty than a standing army."
(Edward Everett)
It is commonly observed that people who are educated have better understanding of the governance. They are prone to act on the principles more accurately than those who have no formal or informal education. Following the rules or principles ensures smooth flow of the affairs in any society. On the other hand, illiterate persons or masses disturb peace and order as they do not follow the principles, rules

"The most violent element in society is ignorance."
(Emma Goldman)
An illiterate person has a limited thought and narrow canvas. He does not and cannot think beyond a
certain level. He is confined to his own interests and personal motives. He is unable to appreciate
new aspects and possibilities. Illiteracy hinders his personal as well as collective growth.
"All the knowledge in the world is found within you."
(Anthony J. D 'Angelo)
An industrial worker who has skill and has proper training in the related field can act for the good of himself and for his company. He is an efficient worker and can increase the production of that industrial concern. He is matchless in his performance. He works by using his skills and gains knowledge in a better way.
Illiteracy breeds crimes. People who are not educated do not have a clear idea of the importance of laws. They violate laws for their petty benefits. Illiteracy is the greatest threat to the integrity of a nation. Illiterate nations do not value their freedom. They involve in petty quarrels and disgrace their country.
"Some folks are wise and some are otherwise."
(Tobias Smot/et)
There are many countries that have high rate of literacy even though they have limited natural resources and low per capita income. They survive in the world with grace and dignity. So, it is the level of education an literacy that makes a nation powerful politically, technologically and economically.
Education should be free for all the members of the society. Incentives should be given for those who have some financial problems. A programme of mass education can enhance the rate of literacy and wipe out the curse of illiteracy.

DEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN
"Democracy is the government of the people, for the people and by the people."
(Abraham Lincoln)
Representative democracy involves the selection of government officials by the people being represented. The most common systems involve election of the candidates with a majority vote.
Pakistan is a democratic and Islamic country, but democracy in Pakistan has been the most irregular and unsatisfactory. The principles of democracy are equality, freedom and social justice which are, unfortunately, not being fully enjoyed by the people of Pakistan. The reason is that the dictators never allow the principles of democracy to flourish in our country.
True democracy anywhere in the world is only possible if the people are educated. It is a fact that more than 80 percent of our people are illiterate. Some of them do not even know how to write their names. They do not understand what is happening around the world. They cannot use their right to vote intelligently and sensibly. It is the people who elect the candidates for the assemblies, and if the people do not exercise their right to vote freely and fairly, corrupt and unsuitable people will govern the country.
'When people fear the government, there is tyranny; when the government fears the people, there is liberty"

The existence of feudal system controls the lives of millions of villagers and farmers. They are in majority in the country, but they do not enjoy even the rights of minority. The uneducated people will continue to vote for their lords and they will always remain illiterate, backward and down-trodden. The members of our elected national and provincial assemblies are big guns. Their own benefits keep the country backward .The big industrialists also jump into politics to share the political and commercial benefits with their "jagirdaar" brothers. These "jagirdaars" and industrialists have always joined hands with the military dictators. The result is that Pakistan has a history of martial-laws and dictatorial democracies.
Our top political leaders, ministers, chief ministers, prime ministers and presidents have been coming from upper classes. They do not understand the layman's problems because they do not have the required ability and vision. They are responsible for martial-laws. Democracy cannot flourish in the country in the absence of suitable leaders. Selfish leaders destroy the process of democracy and keep the country poor and backward.
"Be not overcome by evil but overcome evil by good"
(Romans)
The rise in terrorism, the growth of provincialism and sectarianism, population explosion and bad economic policies has also damaged democracy. For the last sixty years, there have been . dictatorial governments in Pakistan which have led the country to irreparable losses. Every ruler promised to redress the grievances and miseries of the common people of Pakistan but always proved to be oppressor, tyrant, and destroyer of the country. The opposing forces are still working hard to sabotage the democratic process. We need another Quaid-e-Azam to free us from the mental slavery and put the country back on the track of true democracy, progress and prosperity.
In a democracy, the poor will have more power than the rich, because there are more of them, and the will of the majority is supreme.-
(Aristotle)
Democracy did not fail in Pakistan because of illiteracy or caste or ethnic differences or any of the other reasons put forward. The real reason is the ideology; Pakistan is wedded to .Sadly this is true of any Islamic country .The current argument can be finished on these words of G.B Shaw.

The Democracy is a system ensuring that people are
governed no better than they deserve.